Back to Index

Update: 2024-03-03

Table of Contents

GenericDrum

GenericDrum is a generic drum synthesizer using delays. This one can make convincing snare and bass drum sounds. Cymbal sounds can be made, but it’s not as good as lower pitched drum sounds.

Important: Presets may not produce the expected sound if sample rate is not 48000 Hz.

full package contains following builds.

Linux build is built on Ubuntu 22.04. If you are using distribution other than Ubuntu 22.04, plugin will not likely to run. In this case, please take a look at build instruction.

macOS package is recommended for macOS user. I can’t purchase Apple Developer Program, therefore installation requires a workaround to bypass Gatekeeper. Details of workaround are written in Installation -> macOS Specific section.

Contact

Feel free to contact me on GitHub repository or ryukau@gmail.com.

You can fund the development through paypal.me/ryukau.

Installation

Plugin

Move *.vst3 directory to:

DAW may provides additional VST3 directory. For more information, please refer to the manual of the DAW.

Presets

Notice: Some plugins don’t have presets provided by Uhhyou Plugins.

Presets are included in the plugin package linked at the top of this page. To install presets, follow the steps below.

  1. Download plugin from a link at the top of this page.
  2. Extract downloaded zip file.
  3. Open presets directory placed in extracted package.
  4. Move Uhhyou directory into an OS specific preset directory (see below).

Below is a list of preset directories for each OS.

Preset directory name must be the same as the plugin. If preset directory does not exist, create it.

Windows Specific

If DAW doesn’t recognize the plugin, try installing C++ redistributable (vc_redist.x64.exe). Installer can be found in the link below.

Linux Specific

On Ubuntu 22.04, those packages are required.

sudo apt install libxcb-cursor0  libxkbcommon-x11-0

If DAW doesn’t recognize the plugin, take a look at Package Requirements section of the link below and make sure all the VST3 related package is installed.

REAPER on Linux may not recognize the plugin. A workaround is to delete a file ~/.config/REAPER/reaper-vstplugins64.ini and restart REAPER.

macOS Specific

Important: full package is not confirmed working. When using full, try removing following files.

macOS package doesn’t contain above files. Also, all packages are in “ad-hoc signing” state set by codesign command.

Remove Quarantine

When trying to run plugin first time, following message may appear on macOS.

<PluginName>.vst3 is damaged and can't be opened. You should move it to the Trash.

In this case, open terminal and try running one or both of following command to unzipped .vst3 directory. Replace /path/to/PluginName.vst3 according to your install location.

xattr -rd com.apple.quarantine /path/to/PluginName.vst3
xattr -rc /path/to/PluginName.vst3

Bypass Gatekeeper

Plugin may be considered as unsigned/un-notarized application. In this case, open System Preferences, go to Security & Privacy → General, then click the Open Anyway button. The offcial Apple help page linked below has screenshots for the procedure. See “If you want to open an app that hasn’t been notarized or is from an unidentified developer” section.

If the plugin is still not working, try changing install location to /Library/Audio/Plug-ins/VST3/ or /Users/$USERNAME/Library/Audio/Plug-ins/VST3/ whichever still haven’t tried.

If all the above methods do not work, try following the steps below.

  1. Open terminal and run sudo spctl --master-disable.
  2. Go to System Preferences → Security and Privacy → General → Allow apps downloaded from, then select “Anywhere”.

Beware that steps above degrades security of your system. To revert the settings, follow the steps below.

  1. Go to System Preferences → Security and Privacy → General → Allow apps downloaded from, then select option to “App Store and identified developers”.
  2. Open terminal and run sudo spctl --master-enable.

Applying codesign

Note This section may not relevant to macOS packages. However it’s not verified. (GitHub issue)

To use full package, following command might be used.

sudo codesign --force --deep -s - /path/to/PluginName.vst3

codesign might not be available without installing Xcode.

Reference

GUI Style Configuration

At first time, create color config file to:

style.json will be loaded for each time a plugin window opens.

Several color themes are available on the link below.

Below is a example of style.json.

{
  "fontFamily": "Tinos",
  "fontBold": true,
  "fontItalic": true,
  "foreground": "#000000",
  "foregroundButtonOn": "#000000",
  "foregroundInactive": "#8a8a8a",
  "background": "#ffffff",
  "boxBackground": "#ffffff",
  "border": "#000000",
  "borderCheckbox": "#000000",
  "borderLabel": "#000000",
  "unfocused": "#dddddd",
  "highlightMain": "#0ba4f1",
  "highlightAccent": "#13c136",
  "highlightButton": "#fcc04f",
  "highlightWarning": "#fc8080",
  "overlay": "#00000088",
  "overlayHighlight": "#00ff0033"
}

Font Options

Following is a list of font options.

To use custom font, place *.ttf file into custom font path: *.vst3/Contents/Resources/Fonts.

Notice: If the combination of fontFamily, fontBold, fontItalic is not exists in custom font path, default font of VSTGUI is used.

If fontFamily is set to empty string "", then "Tinos" is used as fallback. If the length is greater than 1 and the font family name doesn’t exists, default font of VSTGUI is used.

Styles other than bold, italic or bold-italic are not supported by VSTGUI. For example, “Thin”, “Light”, “Medium”, and “Black” weights cannot be used.

Color Options

Hex color codes are used.

First letter # is conventional. Plugins ignore the first letter of color code, thus ?102938, \n11335577 are valid.

Do not use characters outside of 0-9a-f for color value.

Following is a list of color options. If an option is missing, default color will be used.

Controls

Right Click on the controls pops up a context menu provided by DAW.

Knob and slider provides following controls:

Caution

Recommend to use with external limiter. Gain changes greatly depending on parameter values and note velocity.

Oscillation or blow up may occur depending on the parameter settings. Oscillation is a state in which the amplitude remains constant and the sound does not stop. Blow up (or divergence) is a state in which the sound continues to grow louder over time.

Blow up can result in amplitudes of up to +40 dB. GenericDrum automatically lowers the feedback when it detects blow up. This mechanism is activated when primary or secondary membrane output exceeds +40 dB.

Enabling Prevent Blow Up can mostly prevent the blow up caused by collisions between wire and primary. However, the texture of the sound may also change significantly.

Even with Prevent Blow Up enabled, combinations of short delay time, high bandpass Q, and high feedback may cause blow up. Below is a list of relevant parameters.

Mechanism Overview

GenericDrum is not a physical model. Because the corresponding physical phenomena are not described. So what is this? It’s a work of art that uses delays to imitate the sound of drums, like using a violin to imitate bird songs. Art here means that a human set the parameters from experimentations, mostly relying on their senses.

GenericDrum is good at making the sound of drums that have 1 or 2 membranes on a cylinder, such as bass drums and snare drums, but It’s not good at the sound of thin metal plates like cymbals. It also does not support expressions like rubbing the drum membrane, or expressions that stop the sound with an impact, such as closing a hi-hat.

To imitate the sound of a drum, it’s better to start from a structure similar to a real drum. GenericDrum can be roughly divided into the following parts.

Drums produce sound by hitting a membrane with a hand or a stick. Impact section generates a noise that resembles the impact of a hit. The sound is white noise followed by a lowpass. Echo can imitate the clanking sound made by collisions between a drum and something like a stand.

Wire is a part intended for snare drums, and it collides only to primary. It consists of delays connected in series. Collision Distance controls the distance between wire and primary. Rattle-Squeak Mix changes the texture of the collision. It can produce a sound similar to a cuíca, especially when the value is set closer to the squeak side (1.0), but there is no mechanism to control the rubbing.

An impact hits both the primary and secondary membranes at the same time. This behavior is unrealistic, but makes a nice sound. One membrane consists of a feedback delay network (FDN). A bandpass filter is placed for each feedback path on the FDN. The texture of membranes can be changed by the combination of bandpass cutoff, bandpass Q, and delay times. In particular, lowering the Q produces a brighter sound.

A nonlinearity of thin plate vibrations is imitated by modulating delay time in FDN with their feedback signal. When a plate vibrates, it stretches or shrinks which add a bit more tension to the plate. For sound, more tension means higher pitch. So my idea was to reduce the delay time of FDN depending on the amplitude of feedback signal.

For collisions, perfectly elastic collisions of 2 equal masses is used. The sound decays within FDN, because of Cross Feedback Gain and bandpass filters. So, there is no need to consider energy loss of collisions. In addition, the amplitude after the collision is stored and gradually returned to the system, in order to resemble a sound of a snare drum. A delay can approximate a wave propagation, but it can’t represent the state during propagation. In consequence, collisions that occur during propagation also can’t be represented. The fact that collisions do not occur during wave propagation becomes more noticeable when the value of Delay is lowered.

Block Diagram

If the image is small, use Ctrl + Mouse Wheel or “View Image” on right click menu to scale.

Diagram only shows overview. It’s not exact implementation.

Parameters

Characters inside of square brackets [] represents unit. Following is a list of units used in GenericDrum.

Mix & Options

Output [dB]

Output gain.

Highpass [Hz]

A highpass filter that can be passed just before the output. The number slider controls cutoff frequency of highpass.

Warning: Enabling or disabling Highpass may cause a pop noise.

2x Sampling [Hz]

Performs 2-fold oversampling when enabled.

Warning: Enabling or disabling 2x Sampling may cause a pop noise.

Normalize Gain

When enabled, the gain is automatically adjusted according to the following values.

Reset Seed at Note-on

When enabled, resets the random number seed on every note-on. This seed is used for noises of impact and collision.

When disabled, the sound becomes inconsistent. It might be useful for a kind of “humanization” effect.

Prevent Blow Up

When enabled, it tries to prevent blow up by lowering internal gains around wire.

When wire blows up, it makes a loud explosion-like sound. Prevent Blow Up suppresses this explosion, but as a side effect it tends to result in a less powerful sound without rattling texture. To bring back rattling, try changing parameters on the list below. They are in Wire sections.

Note that if Prevent Blow Up is disabled after making the above changes, the system will be likely in an unstable state that is easy to blow up.

Stereo Unison

Enabling Stereo Unison will double the number of drums. This means that 2 different instances will be placed in each channels. Also the CPU load will be doubled.

Stereo Balance

Adjust the gain of the left and right channels.

Unlike panning, the left and right channels won’t be mixed.

Stereo Merge

Adjust the stereo spread.

External Input

There are two cases when using external input.

When using audio from a microphone, enable Automatic Trigger and adjust the Trigger Threshold.

When using audio from other synthesizers (source), it’s recommended to share the note events to GenericDrum, so that envelopes in GenericDrum starts precisely at the timing of note-ons. When sharing note events, Automatic Trigger is better to be disabled.

Please refer to your DAW’s manual for external audio input and note event routing.

External Gain [dB]

Gain of external input.

Trigger Threshold [dB]

Threshold amplitude of automatic trigger.

Automatic Trigger

Engages automatic triggering when enabled.

Tuning

The Tuning section contains note event and pitch bend related parameters.

Note -> Pitch

Amount of pitch modulation applied from the pitch of a note-on event.

Regardless of the value of Note -> Pitch, the amount of pitch modulation will be 0 when the pitch is A3 (57 in MIDI note number).

When the value of Note -> Pitch is 0.0, the pitch of the note is ignored.

When the value of Note -> Pitch is 1.0, the pitch of a note is directly applied to the pitch of the synthesizer. Some drum sounds do not have a clear pitch, so it may sound out of tune in some cases. Also, higher the pitch, more out of tune it becomes. This is because delays doesn’t use interpolations to be more efficient, and to avoid lowpass in feedback path.

When the value of Note -> Pitch is -1.0, the pitch is reversed.

Semitone

Transposes the pitch of the note in semitone steps.

Note: No effect when Note -> Pitch is 0.0.

Cent

Transposes the pitch of notes in cents.

Note: No effect when Note -> Pitch is 0.0.

Pitch Bend Range [st.]

Pitch bend range in semitones.

Slide Time [s]

Pitch slide time.

The pitch starts sliding when 2 or more notes are played at the same time.

Impact

Impact section contains parameters that imitates the collision between the a stick and a membrane.

Seed

A random number seed.

Changing the seed allows you to change the sound while maintaining the similar texture.

GenericDrum has two random number generators for generating collision noise and for setting internal parameters. For noise generation, you can reset the seed on each note-on using Reset Seed at Note-on.

Noise Decay [s]

Decay time of impact noise.

Noise Lowpass [Hz]

Cutoff frequency of a low-pass filter applied to impact noise.

When Normalize Gain is enabled, the gain is reduced when Noise Lowpass becomes higher.

Echo [Hz]

Frequency that represents the total length of echoes applied to the noise.

Echo has 4 delays with feedback, so the value specified in Echo doesn’t represent the exact frequency.

Echo is provided to represent the clanking sound caused by the collision between drum and drum stand.

Wire

Wire section contains parameters that imitates a snare wire.

Impact-Wire Mix

Mixing ratio between impact noise and wire output.

0.0 only mixes impact noise, and 1.0 only mixes wire output.

Membrane-Wire Mix

Mixing ratio between primary membrane and wire output.

0.0 only mixes primary membrane output, and 1.0 only mixes wire output.

Frequency [Hz]

Frequency of the entire wire.

Wire has four sections, so the value specified in Frequency doesn’t represetn the exact frequency.

Decay [s]

Decay time of the wire output.

Warning: When Prevent Blow Up is disabled, increasing the value of Decay will make it easier to blow up.

Collision Distance

Threshold value used to determine collision between wire and primary membrane.

Warning: When the value of Collision Distance is small, there may be a temporary blow up until sufficient gain reduction by Decay is applied. Increasing this value reduces the chance of blow up.

Rattle-Squeak Mix

Texture of collision.

0.0 gives a full rattling texture, 1.0 gives a full squeak texture. Rattle here means a sound like a snare wire, and squeak means a sound like friction on rubbing.

Warning: When Prevent Blow Up is disabled, and the value of Rattle-Squeak Mix is close to 0.0, the system becomes more unstable which means easier to blow up.

Membrane Tone

Membrane Tone section contains parameters related to the feedbacks of FDNs. An FDN produces a sound of a membrane. The values in the Membrane Tone section are shared by both the primary and secondary membranes.

Cross Feedback Gain

Gain that adjusts how fast the vibration decays.

Warning: When Cross Feedback Gain approaches 1.0, oscillation or blow up is likely to happen.

Cross Feedback Ratio

Adjusts the tone of membranes.

The value of Cross Feedback Ratio is converted to a feedback matrix used in both FDNs. Householder transformation is used.

When all Cross Feedback Ratio values are 0.0, the feedbacks won’t be crossed into other delays. In this case, the pitch of the sound becomes easier to hear, but the texture of the sound becomes more like a 1D string vibration, rather than 2D plate vibration.

When all Cross Feedback Ratio values are 1.0, the texture becomes similar to the vibration of a thin plate. The texture varies depending on the values in Primary Membrane section.

To prevent oscillation or blow up without changing the Cross Feedback Gain or Collision Distance, changing Cross Feedback Ratio is an option.

Pitch Texture

Pitch Texture section contains parameters related to the internal pitch of FDNs that represents membranes.

Delay Time Spread

Spread width of the FDN delay time distribution.

BP Cut Spread

Width of the cutoff frequency distribution of the bandpass filters in FDN.

Pitch Random [cent]

Amount of randomization to change the pitches of the delays.

Pitch Envelope

Pitch envelope modulates delay times and bandpass cutoff frequencies in FDNs.

Attack [s]

Attack time of the pitch envelope.

Note: Attack time won’t be longer than the value of Decay.

Decay [s]

Decay time of the pitch envelope.

Amount [oct]

Amount of modulation by the pitch envelope.

Primary Membrane

Pitch Type

Type of FDN delay time distribution.

Note: Do not select - Reserved * -. - Reserved * - is an empty option reserved for adding a different Pitch Type later. Fallback to Harmonic when - Reserved * - is selected.

Delay [Hz]

Reference value for the FDN delay time.

In FDN, there is always one feedback path with the frequency specified as the value of Delay, but it’s only a guideline and does not represent the exact pitch. The reason is the chaos caused by cross feedbacks. So the actual pitch depends on the Cross Feedback Ratio setting.

Delay Modulation [sample]

Amount of the delay time modulation with respect to the amplitude of a feedback signal.

Warning: Increasing Delay Modulation increase the chance of oscillation or blow up.

BP Cut [oct]

Bandpass cutoff frequency with respect to the frequency set by Delay.

Raising BP Cut is effective when making high-pitched sounds like cymbals.

Lowering BP Cut is effective to smooth out the noise caused by Delay Modulation.

BP Q

Bandpass Q value. Q means quality factor in filter.

When BP Q is low, the bandwidth becomes wider. This results in a higher and longer sound, but it also becomes easier to oscillate.

When BP Q is high, the bandwidth becomes narrower. This results in a lower and shorter sound.

Warning: Increasing BP Q increase the chance of oscillation or blow up.

Secondary Membrane

Secondary membrane inherits most of the values from the Primary Membrane section.

Mix

Mixing ratio between primary and secondary membrane. When set to 1.0, only the output from the secondary will be mixed.

Note: Collisions will be calculated even if Mix is set to 0.0 or 1.0. To stop collision, increase the value of Collision Distance.

Pitch Offset [oct]

Secondary membrane pitch with respect to primary.

When set to 0.0, the related values are copied from Primary Membrane section.

Adjusting Pitch Offset and Q Offset is similar to detuning one side of a snare drum.

Q Offset [oct]

Bandpass Q of secondary membrane with respect to primary.

Collision Distance

Threshold value used to determine collision between primary and secondary membrane.

Warning: Oscillation may occur when the value of Collision Distance is small. To prevent oscillation, increase the value.

Change Log

Old Versions

License

GenericDrum is licensed under GPLv3. Complete licenses are linked below.

If the link above doesn’t work, please send email to ryukau@gmail.com.

About VST

VST is a trademark of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH, registered in Europe and other countries.