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Update: 2024-01-02

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ClangSynth

ClangSynth is a synthesizer suitable for percussion sounds. Each voice equips an 8 * 8 feedback delay network (FDN) as a resonator. Oscillator is static wavetalble with controls specialized to make pulse train.

ClangCymbal is a spin off of ClangSynth. FDN size is expended to 64 * 64 to provide more rich harmonics. However it is monophonic due to increased CPU load. Oscillator is changed for noise/pulse mix which is more suitable to make cymbal sounds. It can also make sound of manhole dragged on asphalt.

full package contains following builds.

Linux build is built on Ubuntu 22.04. If you are using distribution other than Ubuntu 22.04, plugin will not likely to run. In this case, please take a look at build instruction.

macOS package is recommended for macOS user. I can’t purchase Apple Developer Program, therefore installation requires a workaround to bypass Gatekeeper. Details of workaround are written in Installation -> macOS Specific section.

Contact

Feel free to contact me on GitHub repository or ryukau@gmail.com.

You can fund the development through paypal.me/ryukau.

Installation

Plugin

Move *.vst3 directory to:

DAW may provides additional VST3 directory. For more information, please refer to the manual of the DAW.

Presets

Notice: Some plugins don’t have presets provided by Uhhyou Plugins.

Presets are included in the plugin package linked at the top of this page. To install presets, follow the steps below.

  1. Download plugin from a link at the top of this page.
  2. Extract downloaded zip file.
  3. Open presets directory placed in extracted package.
  4. Move Uhhyou directory into an OS specific preset directory (see below).

Below is a list of preset directories for each OS.

Preset directory name must be the same as the plugin. If preset directory does not exist, create it.

Windows Specific

If DAW doesn’t recognize the plugin, try installing C++ redistributable (vc_redist.x64.exe). Installer can be found in the link below.

Linux Specific

On Ubuntu 22.04, those packages are required.

sudo apt install libxcb-cursor0  libxkbcommon-x11-0

If DAW doesn’t recognize the plugin, take a look at Package Requirements section of the link below and make sure all the VST3 related package is installed.

REAPER on Linux may not recognize the plugin. A workaround is to delete a file ~/.config/REAPER/reaper-vstplugins64.ini and restart REAPER.

macOS Specific

Important: full package is not confirmed working. When using full, try removing following files.

macOS package doesn’t contain above files. Also, all packages are in “ad-hoc signing” state set by codesign command.

Remove Quarantine

When trying to run plugin first time, following message may appear on macOS.

<PluginName>.vst3 is damaged and can't be opened. You should move it to the Trash.

In this case, open terminal and try running one or both of following command to unzipped .vst3 directory. Replace /path/to/PluginName.vst3 according to your install location.

xattr -rd com.apple.quarantine /path/to/PluginName.vst3
xattr -rc /path/to/PluginName.vst3

Bypass Gatekeeper

Plugin may be considered as unsigned/un-notarized application. In this case, open System Preferences, go to Security & Privacy → General, then click the Open Anyway button. The offcial Apple help page linked below has screenshots for the procedure. See “If you want to open an app that hasn’t been notarized or is from an unidentified developer” section.

If the plugin is still not working, try changing install location to /Library/Audio/Plug-ins/VST3/ or /Users/$USERNAME/Library/Audio/Plug-ins/VST3/ whichever still haven’t tried.

If all the above methods do not work, try following the steps below.

  1. Open terminal and run sudo spctl --master-disable.
  2. Go to System Preferences → Security and Privacy → General → Allow apps downloaded from, then select “Anywhere”.

Beware that steps above degrades security of your system. To revert the settings, follow the steps below.

  1. Go to System Preferences → Security and Privacy → General → Allow apps downloaded from, then select option to “App Store and identified developers”.
  2. Open terminal and run sudo spctl --master-enable.

Applying codesign

Note This section may not relevant to macOS packages. However it’s not verified. (GitHub issue)

To use full package, following command might be used.

sudo codesign --force --deep -s - /path/to/PluginName.vst3

codesign might not be available without installing Xcode.

Reference

GUI Style Configuration

At first time, create color config file to:

style.json will be loaded for each time a plugin window opens.

Several color themes are available on the link below.

Below is a example of style.json.

{
  "fontFamily": "Tinos",
  "fontBold": true,
  "fontItalic": true,
  "foreground": "#000000",
  "foregroundButtonOn": "#000000",
  "foregroundInactive": "#8a8a8a",
  "background": "#ffffff",
  "boxBackground": "#ffffff",
  "border": "#000000",
  "borderCheckbox": "#000000",
  "borderLabel": "#000000",
  "unfocused": "#dddddd",
  "highlightMain": "#0ba4f1",
  "highlightAccent": "#13c136",
  "highlightButton": "#fcc04f",
  "highlightWarning": "#fc8080",
  "overlay": "#00000088",
  "overlayHighlight": "#00ff0033"
}

Font Options

Following is a list of font options.

To use custom font, place *.ttf file into custom font path: *.vst3/Contents/Resources/Fonts.

Notice: If the combination of fontFamily, fontBold, fontItalic is not exists in custom font path, default font of VSTGUI is used.

If fontFamily is set to empty string "", then "Tinos" is used as fallback. If the length is greater than 1 and the font family name doesn’t exists, default font of VSTGUI is used.

Styles other than bold, italic or bold-italic are not supported by VSTGUI. For example, “Thin”, “Light”, “Medium”, and “Black” weights cannot be used.

Color Options

Hex color codes are used.

First letter # is conventional. Plugins ignore the first letter of color code, thus ?102938, \n11335577 are valid.

Do not use characters outside of 0-9a-f for color value.

Following is a list of color options. If an option is missing, default color will be used.

Controls

Right Click on the controls pops up a context menu provided by DAW.

Knob and slider provides following controls:

Control with many blue vertical bars (BarBox) have some keyboard shortcuts. LFO Wave on Main tab and Gain, Width, Pitch, Phase on Wavetable tab are using BarBox. Shortcuts are enabled after left clicking BarBox and mouse cursor is on the inside of BarBox. Cheat sheet is available on Infomation tab.

Input Control
Left Drag Change Value
Shift + Left Drag Change Value (Snapped)
Ctrl + Left Drag Reset to Default
Ctrl + Shift + Left Drag Change Value (Skip Between Frames)
Middle Drag Draw Line
Shift + Middle Drag Edit One Bar
Ctrl + Middle Drag Reset to Default
Ctrl + Shift + Middle Drag Toggle Lock
a Alternate Sign
d Reset Everything to Default
D Toggle Min/Mid/Max
e Emphasize Low
E Emphasize High
f Low-pass Filter
F High-pass Filter
i Invert Value (Preserve minimum)
I Invert Value (Minimum to 0)
l Toggle Lock under Mouse Cursor
L Toggle Lock for All
n Normalize (Preserve minimum)
N Normalize (Minimum to 0)
p Permute
r Randomize
R Sparse Randomize
s Sort Descending Order
S Sort Ascending Order
t Subtle Randomize (Random walk)
T Subtle Randomize (Converge to 0)
z Undo
Z Redo
, (Comma) Rotate Back
. (Period) Rotate Forward
1 Decrease
2-4 Decrease 2n-4n
5-9 Decimate by holding 2n-5n

Snapping is not available for all BarBox. If you’d like to have snapping for certain BarBox, feel free to open issue to GitHub repository.

Edit One Bar with Shift + Right Drag holds a bar under the cursor when mouse right button is pressed. Then only changes that one bar while holding down mouse right button.

Toggle Lock with Ctrl + Shift + Right Drag behaves as line edit. When right mouse button (RMB) is pressed, it holds the opposite state of the bar below mouse cursor, then use the state for the rest of bars. For example, if RMB is pressed on a locked bar, dragging unlocks bars while holding down RMB.

Some BarBox has scroll bar to zoom in. Scroll bar has handles on left end and right end. To control zoom, use Left Drag on one of the handle. Scroll bar also has following controls:

Caution

Output amplitude varies greatly. Recommend to insert limiter after ClangSynth.

FDN may blow up if some parameters change too fast. Use LFO and envelope with caution. When parameter is changed while playing, it breaks the assumption of linear time-invariant (LTI) system which FDN relies on. Following is a list of parameter which potentially blow up FDN.

Refresh Wavetable button refreshes wavetable. Beware that while refreshing, CPU load becomes high and it will most likely stop the DAW output for a moment.

Block Diagram

If the image is small, use Ctrl + Mouse Wheel or “View Image” on right click menu to scale.

Diagram only shows overview. It’s not exact implementation.

ClangSynth

ClangCymbal

Parameters

Characters inside of square brackets [] represents unit. Following is a list of units used in ClangSynth.

ClangSynth

Gain

Output [dB]

Output gain.

Attack [s]

Output gain smoothing time. Increasing Attack also increases release time.

Note that the value is not exact. It converts to filter cutoff frequency.

Attack is introduced to prevent pop noise at note-on, when Reset to Note On is not checked. When lowpass cutoff in FDN is lowered, reducing Attack may cause pop noise. If the sound is dense at high frequency, like cymbal, it may be possible to set Attack to 0, because pop noise is unnoticeable.

Release [s]

Release time after note-off.

Note that the value is not exact. It converts to filter cutoff frequency.

Tuning

Octave, Semi, Milli

Changes master pitch.

Milli is 1/1000 of semitone or 1/10 cent.

ET, A4 [Hz]

Changes tuning.

ET stands for equal temperament. Note that when ET is less than 12, some notes becomes silent due to frequency becomes too high or too low.

A4 [Hz] is frequency of note A4.

P.Bend Range

Pitch bend range. Unit is semitone.

Unison/Chord

nUnison

Number of voices a unison uses.

Pan

Amount of pan width in a unison.

At first note-on, pan is allocated from right to left. Rightmost has lowest pitch, and leftmost has highest. After that, the allocation rotates to left for each note-on.

Pitch *

Multiplier to unison pitch.

When the value of Pitch * is 0, Interval do nothing.

ET

Equal temperament fineness specific for Interval.

Interval [st.], Cycle At

Interval is the amount of offset to the note pitch.

Cycle At is modulo of Interval index.

For example, considier the following values are set to Interval.

1, 2, 3, 4

The value of Pitch * multiplies each Interval. Now we consider the value of Pitch * is set to 0.1. The values change to the following.

0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4

The above values turns into a sequence. The sequence starts from index 0, and increases 1 for each voice. When index reaches the value set at Cycle At, it goes back to 0. Now, we set Cycle At to 1.

0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.2, ...

Then we send note number 60 to the synthesizer. The pitch for each voice becomes following.

60,                         // 60
60 + 0.1,                   // 60.1
60 + 0.1 + 0.2,             // 60.3
60 + 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.1,       // 60.4
60 + 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.2, // 60.6
...

Below is a code of above procedure.

modulo = cycleAt + 1;
accumulator = 0;
for index in [0, nUnison) {
  voice[index].pitch = notePitch + pitchMultiplier * accumulator;
  accumulator += interval[index % modulo];
}

Misc.

nVoice

Maximum number of voices to play at the same time.

Decresing nVoice reduces the CPU load.

Smoothing [s]

Parameter smoothing time.

Note that the value is not exact. It converts to filter cutoff frequency.

Oscillator

Impulse [dB]

Gain of impulse which is triggered at note-on.

Impulse can be used as a spice for cymbal sound. Also, impulse is not affected by velocity, so it can be used to control intensity of impact to cymbal independent to wavetable oscillator.

TODO プリセットの紹介

Gain [dB]

Oscillator output gain.

Attack [s], Decay [s]

Oscillator AD envelope attack time and decay time.

When Decay is short, increasing Attack almost doesn’t change the sound.

Note that the value is not exact. It converts to filter cutoff frequency.

Octave, Semitone

Oscillator pitch tuning in octave or semitone.

Denom. Slope, Rot. Slope, Rot. Offset, Interval

Parameters to generate source spectrum for wavetable.

When Denom. Slope is greater than 1, it acts like lowpass filter. At less than 1, it acts like highpass filter. At exactly 1, it generates amplitude of sawtooth wave spectrum.

Interval creates 0 in specrum. For example, when Interval is 3, amplitude of index 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, … becomes non 0, and amplitude of other indices becomes 0. When Denom. Slope is 1 and Interval is 2, resulting waveform becomes square wave.

Following is source spectrum generation procedure.

for index in [1, numberOfHarmonics] {
    if (index % interval != 0) continue;
    sourceSpectrum[index].amp = 1 / (denominatorSlope * index);
    sourceSpectrum[index].phase = rotationOffset + rotationSlope * index;
}
Harmonic HP

Frequency index of highpass filter which applies to source spectrum amplitude.

Amplitude of frequency, which index is below the Harmonic HP, will be reduced. When Harmonic HP is 0, highpass filter is bypassed.

Following shows the computation of Harmonic HP.

for index in [0, harmonicHighpass) {
  sourceSpectrum[index].amp *= index / harmonicHighpass;
}
Blur

Coefficient of lowpass filter which applies to source spectrum amplitude.

Reducing Blur diffuses frequency amplitude to adjacent indices. It means that the resulting sound becomes close to impulse when ignoring phase rotations.

When Blur is 1, lowpass filter is bypassed.

TODO 図

OT Amp., Rot. [rad/pi]

Amplitude and phase rotation to add source spectrum as overtone.

Following shows the procedure to make final spectrum using OT Amp. and Rot.

targetSpectrum.fill(0);

for i in [0, nOvertone) {
  for k in [0, nFrequency) {
    auto index = (i + 1) * k;
    if (index >= nFrequency) break;
    targetSpectrum[index] += sourceSpectrum[k] * complexFromPolar(otAmp[i], otRot[i]);
  }
}
Refresh Wavetable

When the button is pressed, wavetable starts refreshing.

Beware that refreshing increases CPU load, and it will likely stop the sound for a moment.

Following parameters are only applied after Refresh Wavetable is pressed.

FDN

FDN

When lit, oscillator output goes through FDN.

It is useful to bypass FDN when checking the raw oscillator output.

Identity

Cross feedback amount between delays.

When Identitiy is 0, feedback matrix becomes identity matrix. This means that it behaves as a bunch of comb filters. Increasing Identity means to increase cross feedback amount between delays. More cross feedback adds more non-integer harmonics, which sounds more metallic.

Feedback

Feedback amount of the entire FDN.

Even if the Feedback is set ot 1, output decays due to the linear interpolation used inside of delay.

Interp. Rate

Rate limiting amount to the change of delay time.

Interp. LP [s]

Inverse of cutoff frequency of lowpass filter, which is used to interpolate delay time.

On delay time interpolation, the value first goes into lowpass filter, then rate limiter.

Seed

Seed value of psuedo-random number generator (PRNG) used for matrix randomization.

Randomize

Ratio of feedback matrix randomization for each note-on.

Internally, ClangSynth is holding two pairs of matrix randomization seed values. One of the pair is fixed when DAW starts playing. Another is generated at each note-on. Randomize is the ratio to mix those 2 pairs.

When Randomize is 0, harmonics of FDN only depends on Seed value, and it doesn’t changed by note-on. When Randomize is 1, each note-on changes the harmonics of FDN.

OT +, OT *, OT Offset, OT Modulo, OT Random

This group of parameters changes delay times as overtone of note pitch.

Setting OT + and OT Offset as non-integer value makes the resulting sound close to some percussion.

OT * and OT Modulo creates unnatural harmonics.

Followins is the procedure to determine delay times.

// At note on.
for idnex in [0, fdnMatrixSize) {
    overtoneRandomness[idx] = randomUniform(-1, 1) * otRandom;
}

// For each sample.
overtone = 1;
for idnex in [0, fdnMatrixSize) {
  ot = otOffset + (1 + overtoneRandomness[index]) * overtone;
  fdn.delayTime[index] = sampleRate / (ot * noteFrequency);
  overtone = overtone * otMul + otAdd;
  overtone = fmod(overtone, 1 + otModulo);
}
Reset at Note ON

When checked, each note-on resets FDN internal state.

Beware the CPU load spike caused by reset. If the sound stops at note-on, decreasing nVoice might help to reduce CPU load.

Cutoff [st.]

Cutoff frequency of lowpass or highpass filter.

Q

Q factor of lowpass or highpass filter.

Key Follow

When checked, cutoff frequency changes by following the pitch of a note.

LFO

LFO Wave

The waveform of LFO wavetable.

Wavetable is shared between all voices.

Retrigger

When Retrigger is checked, note-on resets LFO phase.

When Retrigger is not checked, all the voices uses same LFO phase.

If 1 voice represents 1 object, check Retrigger. If note-on represents impact to the same object again and again, do not check Retrigger.

Wave Interp.

LFO wave form interpolation method.

Step makes LFO to act like a sequencer. Linear sounds similar to PCHIP, and the computation cost is lower. PCHIP is the most smooth among all 3.

Sync.

When checked, it enables tempo synchronization (tempo sync). LFO phase also synchronize to the exact position derived from sync interval, and time passed from the start of playback.

When not checked, LFO behaves as same as if synchronizing to 120 BPM. It also disables LFO phase sync.

Tempo Upper

Numerator of sync interval.

LFO synchronizes to 1 bar when (Tempo Upper) / (Tempo Lower) is 1/1. 1/4 synchronizes to 1 beat when time signature of 4/4. Note that Rate multiplies the sync interval.

Following is the equation to calculate sync interval.

syncInterval = (Rate) * (Tempo Upper) / (Tempo Lower);
Tempo Lower

Denominator of sync interval.

Note that Rate multiplies the sync interval.

Rate

Multiplier to sync interval.

Rate is convenient when changing sync interval while keeping the values of Tempo Upper and Tempo Lower.

Pitch Amount

Modulation amount to oscillator or FDN pitch. Unit is semitone.

> Osc. Pitch row modulates oscillator, and > FDN Pitch row modulates FDN.

Pitch Alignment

Modulation amount from LFO to pitch only uses the multiple of Alignment. For example, if current Amount is 12.345 and Alignment is 6, actual modulation amount becomes 12.

When Alignment is 0, the value of Amount is used directly without alignment.

Following is procedure of LFO to pitch modulation.

if (alignment == 0)
  modulation = amount * lfo;
else
  modulation = alignment * floor(lfo * amount / alignment + 0.5);

Envelope

Envelope Wave

The waveform of envelope wavetable.

Wavetable is shared between all voices.

Time [s]

Duration of envelope from the start of a note.

When envelope reaches the end, all the modulation amounts becomes 0.

Wave Interp.

Envelope wave form interpolation method.

This parameter works as same as Wave Interp. in LFO. Refer to the Wave Interp. in LFO section for details.

> LP Cut

Modulation amount to cutoff frequency of FDN lowpass filters. Unit is semitone.

> HP Cut

Modulation amount to cutoff frequency of FDN highpass filters. Unit is semitone.

> Osc. Pitch

Modulation amount to oscillator pitch. Unit is semitone.

> FDN Pitch

Modulation amount to FDN pitch. Unit is semitone.

> FDN OT +

Modulation amount to OT + in FDN section.

> FDN OT + changes pitch using overtone structure, while > FDN Pitch moves entire pitch.

ClangCymbal

This section only lists the parameters different to ClangSynth.

Tremolo

Intention of tremolo is to crudely imitate the distance from vibrating object to microphone. Modulation signal is sine wave.

Mix

Mixing ratio of input and delay output.

When the value is 0.0, input is bypassed.

Depth

Modulation amount to the gain of delay output.

Delay [s]

Maximum delay time.

Delay Offset

Amount of DC offset which adds to the delay time modulation signal.

On top of Misc.->Smoothing, extra smoothing is applied to Delay Offset.

Rate [Hz]

Frequency of modulation sine wave.

Misc.

Pitch slide options are the difference to ClangSynth.

Slide [s]

Pitch slide time.

Slide Type

3 types of pitch slide are available.

2x Sampling

When checked, it enables 2-fold oversampling.

Recommend to turn on for better metallic texture. However it doubles the CPU load.

When turned off, it reduces CPU load. However it also degrades metallic texture because of the high frequency loss caused by linear interpolation used in delays inside of FDN. It might be better to use external equalizer to compensate the high frequency loss.

Oscillator

ClangCymbal uses mix of noise and pulse train as an oscillator.

Noise generation step is following:

  1. Generate naive pulse train.
  2. Input 1 to integrator.
  3. Multiply 2 to normal distribution noise.

Integrator here is not the exact one used in theory, but behaves similarly.

Pulse train is generated by BLIT (band-limited impulse train) algorithm. The naive pulse train used in noise generation is not related to this one.

Noise/Pulse

Mixing ratio of noise and pulse train.

LP Cutoff [st.]

Lowpass filter cutoff frequency.

LP Q

Lowpass filter Q.

LP Key

Key follow amount to LP Cutoff.

When LP Cutoff is set to 0, Q is set to maximum, and LP Key is set to 1, the oscillator outputs sine wave.

Density [Hz]

Density of noise and pulse train.

To match the tuning to FDN, set the value of Density to the same value of Tuning->A4, then set Density key to 1.

Density Key

Key follow amount to Density.

Noise Decay

Decay time of a noise burst.

When the value of Noise Decay is small, it sounds like pulse train. However, the naive pulse train used for noise generator is not anti-aliased. Therefore it has different texture to BLIT.

Bounce

Amount of bouncing effect.

The bouncing effect is tied to AD envelope output, and bouncing interval becomes shorter when AD envelope amplitude becomes lower. The effect is disabled when Bounce is 0.0.

Bounce can be used to simulate the bounce of a stick on a surface.

Bounce Curve

The curve parameter of Bounce effect.

Increasing Bounce Curve shorten the interval of bounce.

Jitter

Randomness of pulse interval.

Amp. Rand.

Randomness of the amplitude of a naive pulse on noise generator.

FDN

Individual control for each filter is added compared to ClangSynth. This increases flexibility, and CPU load.

Cutoff Slope

Amount of increment or decrement to the filter cutoff. The amount is proportional to the order of harmonics.

Q Slope

Amount of increment or decrement to the filter Q. The amount is proportional to the order of harmonics.

LP/HP Cut Offset [st.]

The value added to filter cutoff frequency, which is calculated from Cutoff and Cutoff Slope.

On the control, the order of harmonics becomes lower towards left, and higher towards right. Note that higher harmonics may affects lower frequency, and lower harmonics may affects higher frequency. This is due to the cross feedback on FDN.

LP/HP Q Offset

The value added to filter Q, which is calculated from Q and Q Slope.

As same as Cut Offset, left side of control represents lower harmonics and right side represents higher harmonics.

Envelope

> Jitter

Modulation amount to Oscillator->Jitter.

> Noise/Pulse

Modulation amount to Oscillator->Noise/Pulse.

Change Log

ClangSynth

ClangCymbal

Old Versions

ClangSynth

ClangCymbal

License

ClangSynth is licensed under GPLv3. Complete licenses are linked below.

If the link above doesn’t work, please send email to ryukau@gmail.com.

About VST

VST is a trademark of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH, registered in Europe and other countries.